12V Wire Voltage Drop Calculator

Estimate voltage drop on 12V DC runs by wire gauge, current, and cable length for gate openers and rural DC circuits.

Common questions

What wire gauge do I need for a 12V solar panel run?
For a 20W panel run under 25 ft, 14 AWG is fine. Beyond 40 ft, step up to 12 or 10 AWG to keep voltage drop under 3%.
Why does voltage drop matter for a 12V system?
A drop over 3% starves the charge controller — batteries never reach full charge and cycle life drops sharply.
Can I use household extension cord for a 12V run?
Short lengths in a dry indoor run only. For outdoor solar wiring, use direct-burial rated or UV-rated stranded wire in conduit.

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